Paper Title
Nanotechnologies: What Means a Benefits/Risks Approach in the “Imperative of Precaution” Context?
Abstract
This paper addresses issues raised by the development of nanotechnology. Although the expansion of the latter is
not as fast as supposed, these new technologies have brought public controversies that are to be considered. In this research,
we show that a condition for the development of medical nanotechnology is to revisit the concept of benefit-risk balance, too
often considered from a technical point of view. To the extent that the risks are uncertain without any overall conclusions
being drawn, it must be determined whether the applications offer benefits or not, in order to reduce the scope of
nanomaterials and applications to be assessed. However, the determination of a benefit cannot be reduced to the
physicochemical properties of the materials. It is a social process that combines efficiency and validity of applications. The
determination of validity implies cooperation not only between the materials sciences and the social sciences, but also
between academic research and public representations such as associations, be they environmental, patient or consumer
ones, for example. This cooperation must take place upstream academic research, thus before any development of
applications.
Index Terms - Nanotechnologies, Precaution, Medical Device, Benefits