Paper Title
Effects of Polyphenolic Extract From Pine Bark on The Improvement of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescent

Abstract
To examine the hypothesis that intervention with the polyphenolic complex (PE) from pine bark improves the symptoms of ADHD and reduces oxidative stress in children and adolescent. Methods: It was a randomized, double-blind, crossover and placebo-controlled 10-weeks period study, including two interventional periods (4weeks/period) and one washout period (2 weeks). Data were from 8 participants with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at ages 7~16 years (seven boys and one girl). During the first interventional period, participants were received a capsule of PE from pine bark, which contain 25mg Oligopin® per capsule, or a capsule of placebo, which contains 25mg cellulose. Then, participants entered the washout period for 2 weeks. After 2 weeks of washout, the participants entered the second interventional period and crossed over to receive an Oligopin® or placebo capsule. Psychiatric examination, routine blood biochemical parameter and antioxidative status were carried out in this study. Results: All blood biochemical parameters were normal in the interventional periods. However, the lipid peroxidation was significantly decreased when participants received the PE capsules. Moreover, the participants had a significant higher accuracy and consistency during the PE interventional period. Conclusions: The administration of the polyphenolic extract from pine bark (25 mg/day) for one month might improve the inattention and impulsivity and reduce plasma lipid peroxidation levels in children and adolescent with ADHD. Keywords: Polyphenolic extract from pine bark, Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder